Acts Of Violence

Acts Of Violence Documentary Related Info:

The San Ysidro McDonald's massacre was a mass murder that occurred on July 18, 1984 in San Ysidro, California, a neighborhood in southern San Diego, California. James Oliver Huberty entered a McDonald's restaurant and fatally shot 21 people, five of them children, and injured 19 others, before he was eventually shot dead by a police sniper. It was the deadliest shooting rampage in the United States until the 1991 Luby's massacre, and remains the deadliest shooting rampage in the United States in which the perpetrator didn't commit suicide.

James Huberty

James Oliver Huberty was born in Canton, Ohio on October 11, 1942. When he was three he contracted polio,^[9] and even though he made a progressive recovery, the disease caused him to suffer permanent walking difficulties. In the early 1950s, his father bought a farm in the Pennsylvania Amish Country. His mother refused to live in the Amish country, and soon abandoned her family to do sidewalk preaching for a Southern Baptist organization.
In 1962, Huberty enrolled at a Jesuit community college and earned a degree in sociology. He would later receive a license for embalming at the Pittsburgh Institute of Mortuary Science in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.^[10] In 1965, he married Etna, a woman he met while attending mortuary school. They had two daughters, Zelia and Cassandra. The Huberty family settled in Massillon, Ohio near Canton, where James worked as an undertaker at the Don Williams Funeral Home. They were forced to relocate to Canton in 1971 after their house in Massillon was set ablaze.
Huberty found work as a welder for Union Metal Inc. while living in Canton. He and Etna had a history of domestic violence, with Etna filing a report with the Canton Department of Children and Family Services that her husband had "messed up" her jaw. She would produce tarot cards and pretend to read his future to pacify him and his bouts of violence, thus producing a temporary calming effect.
Huberty, a survivalist,^[11] saw signs of what he thought was growing trouble in America, and believed that government regulations were the cause of business failures, including his own. He believed that international bankers were purposefully manipulating the Federal Reserve System and bankrupting the nation. Convinced that Soviet aggression was everywhere, he believed that the breakdown of society was near, perhaps through economic collapse or nuclear war. He committed himself to prepare to survive this coming collapse and, while in Canton, provisioned his house with thousands of dollars of non-perishable food and six guns that he intended to use to defend his home during what he believed was the coming chaos. When he moved from Ohio he left the food behind but brought the guns with him.^[12]
Huberty had an uncontrollable twitch in his right arm as a result of a motorcycle accident, a condition that made it impossible to continue as a welder. He was the builder-owner of a six-unit apartment complex in Canton which he had to sell before he could relocate from Canton. A real estate brokerage made a generous offer on the property and came to some sort of agreement with Huberty. Then, much to Huberty's dismay, the real estate company reneged on its part of the deal or at least Huberty thought so. This triggered a series of legal wranglings including lawsuits and disciplinary filings against the brokerage as a response to his having to settle for a lower sales price of $115,000.00 for the building, which he thought he had sold for $144,000.00.
The Huberty family left Canton in January 1984 and briefly stayed in Tijuana, Mexico. They then returned to the United States and settled in San Diego's San Ysidro neighborhood. Huberty was able to find work as a security guard. He was dismissed from this position two weeks before the shooting. His apartment was three blocks away from the site of the massacre. After the massacre, his wife cited the failed Ohio real estate deal as a principal motivating factor for his behavior as she claimed he was still deeply resentful over the incident.

( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Ysidro_McDonald's_massacre )

Henry Lee Lucas (August 23, 1936^[1] – March 13, 2001)^[2] was an American criminal, convicted of murder in 11 different cases. He had claimed to have committed a number of murders (shortly after his arrest he confessed to having killed 60 people, a number he raised to 100 while in court, and outside of court he claimed to have committed up to 3000 murders^[3]) although he later recanted the confessions. He received a death sentence for the murder of an unidentified woman in Texas, but the penalty was commuted to life imprisonment on the basis of evidence that he was likely in Florida on the date of that murder.^[4]
While Lucas became known in the press as America's most prolific serial killer, he later recanted his confessions, and flatly stated "I am not a serial killer" in a letter to researcher Brad Shellady.^[5] Lucas confessed to involvement in about 600 murders, but a more widely circulated total of 350 is based on confessions deemed "believable" by a Texas-based Lucas Task Force, a group which was later criticized by then-Attorney General of Texas, Jim Mattox, and others for sloppy police work and taking part in an extended "hoax".^[6]
Beyond his recantation, some of Lucas's confessions have been challenged as inaccurate by a number of critics, including law enforcement and court officials. Lucas claimed to have been initially subjected to having been left naked in a cell with the air conditioner turned on and coercive interrogation tactics while in police custody, and to have confessed to murders in an effort to improve his living conditions.^[3] Amnesty International reported "the belief of two former state Attorneys General that Lucas was in all likelihood innocent of the crime for which he was sentenced to death".^[7]
Lucas's sentence was commuted to life in prison in 1998 by Governor George W. Bush. It was the first successful commutation of a death sentence in Texas since the re-institution of the death penalty in that state in 1982. Lucas died in prison of natural causes. Lucas still maintains a reputation, in the words of author Sarah L. Knox, "as one of the world's worst serial killers – even after the debunking of the majority of his confessions by the Attorney General of Texas".^[8]

( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Lee_Lucas )

John Warnock Hinckley Jr. (born May 29, 1955) attempted to assassinate U.S. President Ronald Reagan in Washington D.C., on March 30, 1981, as the culmination of an effort to impress teen actress Jodie Foster. He was found not guilty by reason of insanity and has remained under institutional psychiatric care since then. Public outcry over the verdict led to the Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984.^[1]

( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hinckley,_Jr. )

( http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0387012/ )


Acts Of Violence Documentary YouTube Related VideoClips:

Murder

General Info About The Recorded Interviews Participants:

Edmund Emil "Big Ed" Kemper III (born December 18, 1948),^[1] also known as "The Co-ed Killer",^[2] is an American serial killer and necrophile who was active in California in the early 1970s. He started his criminal life by murdering his grandparents when he was 15 years old.^[2] Kemper later killed and dismembered six female hitchhikers in the Santa Cruz area. He then murdered his mother and one of her friends before turning himself in to the authorities days later. Kemper is noted for his imposing physicality and high intelligence, standing 6 ft 9 inches (2.06 m), weighing over 300 pounds (140 kg), and having an IQ in the 140 range.

Contents

• 1 Early life
• 2 First murders
• 3 Later murders
  • 3.1 Mary Ann Pesce and Anita Luchessa
  • 3.2 Aiko Koo
  • 3.3 Cindy Schall
  • 3.4 Rosalind Thorpe and Alice Liu
  • 3.5 Clarnell Strandberg Kemper and Sally Hallett
• 4 Imprisonment
• 5 Footnotes
• 6 References
• 7 External links

( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Kemper )

Henry Lee Lucas (August 23, 1936^[1] – March 13, 2001)^[2] was an American criminal, convicted of murder in 11 different cases. He had claimed to have committed a number of murders (shortly after his arrest he confessed to having killed 60 people, a number he raised to 100 while in court, and outside of court he claimed to have committed up to 3000 murders^[3]) although he later recanted the confessions. He received a death sentence for the murder of an unidentified woman in Texas, but the penalty was commuted to life imprisonment on the basis of evidence that he was likely in Florida on the date of that murder.^[4]
While Lucas became known in the press as America's most prolific serial killer, he later recanted his confessions, and flatly stated "I am not a serial killer" in a letter to researcher Brad Shellady.^[5] Lucas confessed to involvement in about 600 murders, but a more widely circulated total of 350 is based on confessions deemed "believable" by a Texas-based Lucas Task Force, a group which was later criticized by then-Attorney General of Texas, Jim Mattox, and others for sloppy police work and taking part in an extended "hoax".^[6]
Beyond his recantation, some of Lucas's confessions have been challenged as inaccurate by a number of critics, including law enforcement and court officials. Lucas claimed to have been initially subjected to having been left naked in a cell with the air conditioner turned on and coercive interrogation tactics while in police custody, and to have confessed to murders in an effort to improve his living conditions.^[3] Amnesty International reported "the belief of two former state Attorneys General that Lucas was in all likelihood innocent of the crime for which he was sentenced to death".^[7]
Lucas's sentence was commuted to life in prison in 1998 by Governor George W. Bush. It was the first successful commutation of a death sentence in Texas since the re-institution of the death penalty in that state in 1982. Lucas died in prison of natural causes. Lucas still maintains a reputation, in the words of author Sarah L. Knox, "as one of the world's worst serial killers – even after the debunking of the majority of his confessions by the Attorney General of Texas".^[8]

Contents

• 1 Early life
• 2 First known murder
• 3 Drifter
  • 3.1 "The Lucas Report" confessions and controversy
• 4 Orange Socks murder
• 5 Clemency and death
• 6 Differing opinions
• 7 Media
• 8 See also
• 9 References
• 10 Further reading

( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Lee_Lucas )

Theodore Robert "Ted" Bundy (born Theodore Robert Cowell; November 24, 1946 – January 24, 1989) was an American serial killer, rapist, kidnapper, and necrophile who assaulted and murdered numerous young women and girls during the 1970s and possibly earlier. After more than a decade of denials, he confessed shortly before his execution to 30 homicides committed in seven states between 1974 and 1978; the true total remains unknown, and could be much higher.
Bundy was seen as handsome and charismatic by his young female victims, traits he exploited in winning their trust. He typically approached them in public places, feigning injury or disability, or impersonating an authority figure, before overpowering and assaulting them at more secluded locations. He sometimes revisited his secondary crime scenes for hours at a time, grooming and performing sexual acts with the decomposing corpses until decomposition and destruction by wild animals made further interactions impossible. He decapitated at least 12 of his victims, and kept some of the severed heads in his apartment for a period of time as mementos. On a few occasions he simply broke into dwellings at night and bludgeoned his victims as they slept.
Initially incarcerated in Utah in 1975 for aggravated kidnapping and attempted criminal assault, Bundy became a suspect in a progressively longer list of unsolved homicides in multiple states. Facing murder charges in Colorado, he engineered two dramatic escapes and committed further assaults, including three murders, before his ultimate recapture in Florida in 1978. He received three death sentences in two separate trials for the Florida homicides.
Ted Bundy died in the electric chair at Raiford Prison in Starke, Florida, on January 24, 1989. Biographer Ann Rule described him as "a sadistic sociopath who took pleasure from another human's pain and the control he had over his victims, to the point of death, and even after."^[2] He once called himself "... the most cold-hearted son of a bitch you'll ever meet."^[3][4] Attorney Polly Nelson, a member of his last defense team, agreed. "Ted," she wrote, "was the very definition of heartless evil."^[5]

Contents

• 1 Early life
  • 1.1 Childhood
  • 1.2 University years
• 2 First two series of murders
  • 2.1 Washington, Oregon
  • 2.2 Idaho, Utah, Colorado
• 3 Arrest and first trial
• 4 Escapes
• 5 Florida
• 6 Florida trials, marriage
• 7 Death row, confessions, and execution
• 8 Modus operandi and victim profiles
• 9 Pathology
• 10 Victims
  • 10.1 1974
    • 10.1.1 Washington, Oregon
    • 10.1.2 Utah, Colorado, Idaho
  • 10.2 1975
  • 10.3 1978
    • 10.3.1 Florida
  • 10.4 Other possible victims
• 11 References
• 12 Bibliography
• 13 External links

( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Bundy )

Kenneth Alessio Bianchi (born May 22, 1951) is an American serial killer, kidnapper and rapist. Bianchi and his cousin Angelo Buono, Jr., together are known as the Hillside Stranglers. He is serving a life imprisonment in Washington. Bianchi is also a suspect in the Alphabet murders, four unsolved murders in his home city of Rochester.

Contents

• 1 Biography
  • 1.1 Early life
  • 1.2 Murders
  • 1.3 Trial
• 2 References
• 2.1 Citations
• 2.2 Further reading
• 2.3 Films

( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Bianchi )

( http://www.discogs.com/Various-Murder/master/390206 )

Loud!

Official & Inside Info Site:

http://www.loudmagazine.net/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deicide_(band)

Mayhem - Mediolanum Capta Est

( http://www.metal-archives.com/albums/Mayhem/Mediolanum_Capta_Est/257 )

( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediolanum_Capta_Est )

( http://www.thetruemayhem.com/ )

( https://www.facebook.com/mayhemofficial )

Mayhem - Wolf's Lair Abyss

Wolf's Lair Abyss Info From Wikipedia:

Wolf's Lair Abyss is an EP by the Norwegian black metal band Mayhem. It is the first part of Grand Declaration of War, which has been stated on the band's website.^[2] Additionally, the main riff of the last track, "Symbols of Bloodswords", which is the last tune of the EP, is also featured in "A Grand Declaration of War" and "View from Nihil (Part II)". This EP was the first release by Mayhem without Euronymous, who was killed in 1993. The new lineup's material was far more technical than that of earlier incarnations of the band; aside from the intro, each track contains at least two separate sections and is played at a furious tempo. Also, while Maniac's vocal contributions to the band are generally controversial, his performance on this EP is routinely praised. This EP has often been cited as the best item in the new lineup's discography.

Trivia

In Norway's capital of Oslo, there is a black metal shop called Wolf's Lair, thought to have drawn inspiration from the EP. This has proved itself untrue, as the shop was originally called Wolff's Lair, after the founder, Rudy Wolff; the store dropped one "f" from their name after she left.
Adolf Hitler's Eastern Front military headquarters, Wolfsschanze, is translated in English roughly as Wolf's Lair, which is one of several Führerhauptquartier (Führer Headquarters) or FHQs located in various parts of Europe. The Wolf's Lair was the location of the July 20 plot to kill Hitler, where staff officer Claus von Stauffenberg carried a bomb hidden in a briefcase into the meeting room and placed it just a few feet away from Hitler. The resulting explosion devastated Wolf's Lair, leaving an 'abyss', in its wake.

( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf%27s_Lair_Abyss )

More Related Info:

http://www.metal-archives.com/albums/Mayhem/Wolf%27s_Lair_Abyss/251 - http://www.thetruemayhem.com/ - https://www.facebook.com/mayhemofficial


Full EP From YouTube:

Terrorizer's Best Covers Series (I)

( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorizer_(magazine) )

( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayhem_(band) )

Zero Tolerance (one and a half)

( http://www.ztmag.com/47.html )

Zero Tolerance (II)

( http://www.ztmag.com/ )

( https://www.facebook.com/zerotolerancemagazine )

( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Tolerance_(magazine) )

The Philosophy Of Punk (More Than Noise!)

Related Book Info From Wikipedia (Punk Ideologies):

Punk ideologies are a group of varied social and political beliefs associated with the punk subculture. In its original incarnation, the punk subculture was primarily concerned with concepts such as rebellion, anti-authoritarianism, individualism, free thought and discontent. Punk ideologies are usually expressed through punk rock music, punk literature, spoken word recordings, punk fashion, or punk visual art. Some punks have participated in direct action, such as protests, boycotts, squatting, vandalism, or property destruction.
Punk fashion was originally an expression of nonconformity, as well as opposition to both mainstream culture and the hippie counterculture. Punk fashion often displays aggression, rebellion, and individualism. Some punks wear clothing or have tattoos that express sociopolitical messages. Punk visual art also often includes those types of messages. Many punks wear second hand clothing, partly as an anti-consumerist statement.
An attitude common in the punk subculture is the opposition to selling out, which refers to abandoning of one's values and/or a change in musical style toward pop or more radio-friendly rock in exchange for wealth, status, or power. Selling out also has the meaning of adopting a more mainstream lifestyle and ideology.
Because anti-establishment and anti-capitalist attitudes are such an important part of the punk subculture, a network of independent record labels, venues and distributors has developed. Some punk bands have chosen to break from this independent system and work within the established system of major labels. The do it yourself (DIY) ideal is common in the punk scene, especially in terms of music recording and distribution, concert promotion, magazines, posters and flyers.
On religious issues, punk is mostly atheist or agnostic, but some punk bands have promoted religions such as Christianity, Islam, the Rastafari movement or Krishna.

Specific ideologies and philosophies

The following include some of the most common ideologies and philosophies within the punk subculture (in alphabetical order).

Anarchism

Main article: Anarcho-punk

There is a complex and worldwide underground of punks committed to libertarian socialism or anarchism as a serious political ideology, sometimes termed "peace punks" or "anarcho-punks." Whereas some well-known punk bands such as the Sex Pistols and The Exploited sang about general anarchy, they did not embrace anarchism as a disciplined ideology. As such, they are not considered part of anarcho-punk.^[1] Notable anarchist punk artists include: Aus-Rotten, Dave Insurgent, Crass, Dick Lucas, Colin Jerwood, and Dave Dictor.

Apolitical

Some punks claim to be non-political, such as the band Charged GBH and the singer G.G. Allin, although some socio-political ideas have appeared in their lyrics. Some Charged GBH songs have discussed social issues, and a few have expressed anti-war views. G.G. Allin expressed a vague desire to kill the United States president and destroy the political system in his song "Violence Now".^[2] Punk subgenres that are generally apolitical include: glam punk, psychobilly, horror punk, punk pathetique, deathrock and pop punk. Many of the bands credited with starting the punk movement were decidedly apolitical, including The Dictators, Ramones (which featured staunch conservative Johnny Ramone alongside left-wing activist Joey Ramone), New York Dolls, Television, Johnny Thunders & The Heartbreakers, and Richard Hell & The Voidoids.

Christianity

Christian punk is a small sub-genre of punk rock with some degree of Christian lyrical content. Some Christian punk bands are associated with the Christian music industry, but others reject that association. Examples of notable Christian punk bands include The Crucified, MxPx and Flatfoot 56.

Conservatism and right-libertarianism

Further information: Conservative Punk

A small number of punks are conservative or right-libertarian, rejecting anarchism, liberalism, communism and socialism in favor of free market capitalism, a minimal government and individualist ownership of property.^{[citation needed]} Notable conservative punks include: Michale Graves, Johnny Ramone, Lee Ving, Joe Escalante, Bobby Steele, Dave Smalley and Barry Donegan.

Krishna

Further information: Hardcore punk#1990s

In the 1990s, some notable members of the New York hardcore scene, including Ray Cappo (Youth of Today, Shelter and other bands), John Joseph (Cro-Mags) and Harley Flanagan (Cro-Mags) converted to Hare Krishna.^[3] This led to trend within the hardcore scene that became known as Krishna-core.

Neo-Nazism

Main articles: Nazi punk, White power rock, and Rock Against Communism

Nazi punks have a far right, white nationalist ideology that is closely related to that of white power skinheads. Ian Stuart Donaldson and his band Skrewdriver are credited with popularizing white power rock and hatecore (for its hateful lyrical themes), or Rock Against Communism. Nazi punks are different from early punks such as Sid Vicious and Siouxsie Sioux, who are believed to have incorporated Nazi imagery such as Swastikas for shock or comedy value.

Nihilism

Centering around a belief in the abject lack of meaning and value to life, nihilism was a fixture in some protopunk and early punk rock. Notable nihilist punks include: Iggy Pop, Sid Vicious and Richard Hell.

Liberalism

Liberal punks were in the punk subculture from the beginning, and are mostly on the liberal left. Notable liberal punks include: Joey Ramone, Fat Mike, Ted Leo, Billie Joe Armstrong, Crashdog, Hoxton Tom McCourt, Justin Sane, Tim Armstrong and Tim McIlrath. Some punks participated in the Rock Against Bush movement in the mid-2000s, in support of the Democratic Party candidate John Kerry.

Straight edge

Main articles: Straight edge and Hardline (subculture)

Straight edge, which originated in the American hardcore punk scene, involves abstaining from alcohol, tobacco, and recreational drug use. Some who claim the title straight edge also abstain from caffeine, casual sex and meat. Those more strict individuals may be considered part of the hardline subculture. Unlike the shunning of meat and caffeine, refraining from casual sex was without question a practice in the original straight edge lifestyle, but it has been overlooked in many of the later reincarnations of straight edge. For some, straight edge is a simple lifestyle preference, but for others it's a political stance. In many cases, it is a rejection of the perceived self-destructive qualities of punk and hardcore culture. Notable straight edgers: Ian MacKaye, Tim McIlrath, Justin Sane, and Davey Havok.

Socialism

The Clash were the first blatantly political punk rock band, introducing socialism to the punk scene. Some of the original Oi! bands expressed a rough form of socialist working class populism — often mixed with patriotism. Many Oi! bands sang about unemployment, economic inequality, working class power and police harassment. In the 1980s, several notable British socialist punk musicians were involved with Red Wedge. Notable socialist punks include: Attila the Stockbroker, Billy Bragg, Bruce La Bruce, Garry Bushell (until the late 1980s), Chris Dean, Gary Floyd, Jack Grisham, Stewart Home, Dennis Lyxzén, Thomas Mensforth, Fermin Muguruza, Alberto Pla, Tom Robinson, Seething Wells, Paul Simmonds, Rob Tyner, Joe Strummer, Ian Svenonius, Mark Steel and Paul Weller.
The Situationist International (SI) was allegedly an early influence on the punk subculture in the United Kingdom.^{[citation needed]} Started in continental Europe in the 1950s, the SI was an avant-garde political movement that sought to recapture the ideals of surrealist art and use them to construct new and radical social situations. Malcolm McLaren introduced situationist ideas to punk through his management of the band Sex Pistols.^[4] Vivienne Westwood, McLaren’s partner and the band’s designer/stylist, expressed situationist ideals through fashion that was intended to provoke a specific social response. Jamie Reid's distinctive album cover artwork was openly situationist.

Islam

Taqwacore is a punk subgenre centred around Islam, its culture and its interpretation. The Taqwacore scene is composed mainly of young Muslim artists living in the United States and other western countries, many of whom openly reject traditionalist interpretations of Islam. There is no definitive Taqwacore sound, and some bands incorporate styles including hip-hop, techno, and/or musical traditions from the Muslim world. Examples of Muslim punk bands include Alien Kulture. The Kominas and Secret Trial Five.

Criticism of punk ideologies

Punk ideologies have been criticized from outside and within. The Clash occasionally accused other contemporary punk acts of selling out, such as in their songs "(White Man) In Hammersmith Palais" and "Death or Glory". Crass's song "White Punks on Hope" criticized the late-1970s British punk scene in general and, among other things, accused Joe Strummer of selling out and betraying his earlier socialist principles. Their song "Punk is Dead" attacked corporate co-option of the punk subculture. Dead Kennedys frontman Jello Biafra wrote many songs criticizing aspects of the punk subculture, and he once accused the punk magazine Maximum RocknRoll of "punk fundamentalism" when they refused to advertise Alternative Tentacles records because they said the records "weren't punk".
The Misfits' Michale Graves, a right-libertarian who cofounded the Conservative Punk website, argued that punks have become "hippies with mohawks".
Author Jim Goad has been very critical of punk ideologies in many of his writings. In his essay "The Underground is A Lie!", Goad argued that many punks are hypocrites, and he claimed that many punks act poor while hiding the fact they come from middle to upper class backgrounds. In Farts from Underground, Goad claimed that the DIY ethic never produces anything original, and it allows poor quality work to be championed.
In their book The Rebel Sell, Joseph Heath and Andrew Potter argued that counterculture politics have failed, and that the punk understanding of society is flawed. They also argued that alternative and mainstream lifestyles ultimately have the same values.


( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punk_ideologies )

( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punk_rock )

( http://www.amazon.co.uk/The-Philosophy-Punk-More-Noise/dp/1873176163 )

( http://www.akpress.org/philosophyofpunk.html )

Blitz (Edição Especial Punk)

( http://pt-pt.facebook.com/blitz.pt )

( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lydon )


Mag Content Related Info (from Wikipedia):

Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed between 1974 and 1976 in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in garage rock and other forms of what is now known as protopunk music, punk rock bands eschewed perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock. Punk bands created fast, hard-edged music, typically with short songs, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produced recordings and distributed them through informal channels.
The term "punk" was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. By late 1976, bands such as the Ramones in New York City and the Sex Pistols and The Clash in London were recognized as the vanguard of a new musical movement. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, and it became a major cultural phenomenon in the United Kingdom. For the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment and a variety of anti-authoritarian ideologies.
By the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and Oi! had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a broad range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk and the alternative rock movement. By the start of the 21st century, pop punk had been adopted by the mainstream, as bands such as Green Day and The Offspring brought the genre widespread popularity.

Characteristics

Philosophy

The first wave of punk rock aimed to be aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast and sentimentality of early 1970s rock.^[3] According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, "In its initial form, a lot of [1960s] stuff was innovative and exciting. Unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere. By 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock 'n' roll."^[4] John Holmstrom, founding editor of Punk magazine, recalls feeling "punk rock had to come along because the rock scene had become so tame that [acts] like Billy Joel and Simon and Garfunkel were being called rock and roll, when to me and other fans, rock and roll meant this wild and rebellious music."^[5] In critic Robert Christgau's description, "It was also a subculture that scornfully rejected the political idealism and Californian flower-power silliness of hippie myth."^[6] Patti Smith, in contrast, suggests in the documentary 25 Years of Punk that the hippies and the punk rockers were linked by a common anti-establishment mentality.
Throughout punk rock history, technical accessibility and a DIY spirit have been prized. In the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands.^[7] Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion. According to Holmstrom, punk rock was "rock and roll by people who didn't have very much skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music".^[5] In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published a now-famous illustration of three chords, captioned "This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. Now form a band."^[8] The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, "Loud Fast Rules!" inscribed a catchphrase for punk's basic musical approach.^[9]
Some of British punk rock's leading figures made a show of rejecting not only contemporary mainstream rock and the broader culture it was associated with, but their own most celebrated predecessors: "No Elvis, Beatles or the Rolling Stones in 1977," declared The Clash song "1977".^[10] The previous year, when the punk rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural "Year Zero".^[11] Even as nostalgia was discarded, many in the scene adopted a nihilistic attitude summed up by the Sex Pistols slogan "No Future";^[3] in the later words of one observer, amid the unemployment and social unrest in 1977, "punk's nihilistic swagger was the most thrilling thing in England."^[12] While "self-imposed alienation" was common among "drunk punks" and "gutter punks," there was always a tension between their nihilistic outlook and the "radical leftist utopianism"^[13] of bands such as Crass, who found positive, liberating meaning in the movement. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummer's outlook, "Punk rock is meant to be our freedom. We're meant to be able to do what we want to do."^[14]
The issue of authenticity is important in the punk subculture—the pejorative term "poseur" is applied to those who associate with punk and adopt its stylistic attributes but are deemed not to share or understand the underlying values and philosophy. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that "attaining authenticity in the punk identity can be difficult"; as the punk scene matured, he observes, eventually "everyone got called a poseur".^[15]

Musical and lyrical elements

Punk rock bands often emulate the bare musical structures and arrangements of 1960s garage rock.^[16] Typical punk rock instrumentation includes one or two electric guitars, an electric bass, and a drum kit, along with vocals. Punk rock songs tend to be shorter than those of other popular genres—on the Ramones' debut album, for instance, half of the fourteen tracks are under two minutes long. Most early punk rock songs retained a traditional rock 'n' roll verse-chorus form and 4/4 time signature. However, punk rock bands in the movement's second wave and afterward have often broken from this format. In critic Steven Blush's description, "The Sex Pistols were still rock'n'roll...like the craziest version of Chuck Berry. Hardcore was a radical departure from that. It wasn't verse-chorus rock. It dispelled any notion of what songwriting is supposed to be. It's its own form."^[17]
Punk rock vocals sometimes sound nasal,^[18] and lyrics are often shouted instead of sung in a conventional sense, particularly in hardcore styles.^[19] The vocal approach is characterized by a lack of variety; shifts in pitch, volume, or intonational style are relatively infrequent.^[20] Complicated guitar solos are considered self-indulgent and unnecessary, although basic guitar breaks are common.^[21] Guitar parts tend to include highly distorted power chords or barre chords, creating a characteristic sound described by Christgau as a "buzzsaw drone".^[22] Some punk rock bands take a surf rock approach with a lighter, twangier guitar tone. Others, such as Robert Quine, lead guitarist of The Voidoids, have employed a wild, "gonzo" attack, a style that stretches back through The Velvet Underground to the 1950s recordings of Ike Turner.^[23] Bass guitar lines are often uncomplicated; the quintessential approach is a relentless, repetitive "forced rhythm,"^[24] although some punk rock bass players—such as Mike Watt of The Minutemen and Firehose—emphasize more technical bass lines. Bassists often use a pick due to the rapid succession of notes, which makes fingerpicking impractical. Drums typically sound heavy and dry, and often have a minimal set-up. Compared to other forms of rock, syncopation is much less the rule.^[25] Hardcore drumming tends to be especially fast.^[19] Production tends to be minimalistic, with tracks sometimes laid down on home tape recorders^[26] or simple four-track portastudios. The typical objective is to have the recording sound unmanipulated and "real," reflecting the commitment and "authenticity" of a live performance.^[27] Punk recordings thus often have a lo-fi quality, with the sound left relatively unpolished in the mastering process; recordings may contain dialogue between band members, false starts, and background noise.

Punk rock lyrics are typically frank and confrontational; compared to the lyrics of other popular music genres, they frequently comment on social and political issues.^[28] Trend-setting songs such as The Clash's "Career Opportunities" and Chelsea's "Right to Work" deal with unemployment and the grim realities of urban life.^[29] Especially in early British punk, a central goal was to outrage and shock the mainstream.^[30] The Sex Pistols classics "Anarchy in the U.K." and "God Save the Queen" openly disparage the British political system and social mores. There is also a characteristic strain of anti-sentimental depictions of relationships and sex, exemplified by "Love Comes in Spurts," written by Richard Hell and recorded by him with The Voidoids. Anomie, variously expressed in the poetic terms of Hell's "Blank Generation" and the bluntness of the Ramones' "Now I Wanna Sniff Some Glue," is a common theme. Identifying punk with such topics aligns with the view expressed by V. Vale, founder of San Francisco fanzine Search and Destroy: "Punk was a total cultural revolt. It was a hardcore confrontation with the black side of history and culture, right-wing imagery, sexual taboos, a delving into it that had never been done before by any generation in such a thorough way."^[31] However, many punk rock lyrics deal in more traditional rock 'n' roll themes of courtship, heartbreak, and hanging out; the approach ranges from the deadpan, aggressive simplicity of Ramones standards such as "I Wanna Be Your Boyfriend"^[32] to the more unambiguously sincere style of many later pop punk groups.

Visual and other elements

The classic punk rock look among male American musicians harkens back to the T-shirt, motorcycle jacket, and jeans ensemble favored by American greasers of the 1950s associated with the rockabilly scene and by British rockers of the 1960s. The cover of the Ramones' 1976 debut album, featuring a shot of the band by Punk photographer Roberta Bayley, set forth the basic elements of a style that was soon widely emulated by rock musicians both punk and nonpunk.^[2] Richard Hell's more androgynous, ragamuffin look—and reputed invention of the safety-pin aesthetic—was a major influence on Sex Pistols impresario Malcolm McLaren and, in turn, British punk style.^[33][34] (John Morton of Cleveland's Electric Eels may have been the first rock musician to wear a safety-pin-covered jacket.)^[35] McLaren's partner, fashion designer Vivienne Westwood, credits Johnny Rotten as the first British punk to rip his shirt, and Sex Pistols bassist Sid Vicious as the first to use safety pins.^[36] Early female punk musicians displayed styles ranging from Siouxsie Sioux's bondage gear to Patti Smith's "straight-from-the-gutter androgyny".^[37] The former proved much more influential on female fan styles.^[38] Over time, tattoos, piercings, and metal-studded and -spiked accessories became increasingly common elements of punk fashion among both musicians and fans, a "style of adornment calculated to disturb and outrage".^[39] The typical male punk haircut was originally short and choppy; the Mohawk later emerged as a characteristic style.^[40] Those in hardcore scenes often adopt a skinhead look.

The characteristic stage performance style of male punk musicians does not deviate significantly from the macho postures classically associated with rock music.^[41] Female punk musicians broke more clearly from earlier styles. Scholar John Strohm suggests that they did so by creating personas of a type conventionally seen as masculine: "They adopted a tough, unladylike pose that borrowed more from the macho swagger of sixties garage bands than from the calculated bad-girl image of bands like The Runaways."^[37] Scholar Dave Laing describes how bassist Gaye Advert adopted fashion elements associated with male musicians only to generate a stage persona readily consumed as "sexy".^[42] Laing focuses on more innovative and challenging performance styles, seen in the various erotically destabilizing approaches of Siouxsie Sioux, The Slits' Ari Up, and X-Ray Spex' Poly Styrene.^[43]
The lack of emphatic syncopation led punk dance to "deviant" forms. The characteristic style was originally the pogo.^[44] Sid Vicious, before he became the Sex Pistols' bassist, is credited with initiating the pogo in Britain as an attendee at one of their concerts.^[45] Moshing is typical at hardcore shows. The lack of conventional dance rhythms was a central factor in limiting punk's mainstream commercial impact.^[46]
Breaking down the distance between performer and audience is central to the punk ethic.^[47] Fan participation at concerts is thus important; during the movement's first heyday, it was often provoked in an adversarial manner—apparently perverse, but appropriately "punk". First-wave British punk bands such as the Sex Pistols and The Damned insulted and otherwise goaded the audience into intense reactions. Laing has identified three primary forms of audience physical response to goading: can throwing, stage invasion, and spitting or "gobbing".^[48] In the hardcore realm, stage invasion is often a prelude to stage diving. In addition to the numerous fans who have started or joined punk bands, audience members also become important participants via the scene's many amateur periodicals—in England, according to Laing, punk "was the first musical genre to spawn fanzines in any significant numbers".^[49

Contents 1 Characteristics 1.1 Philosophy 1.2 Musical and lyrical elements 1.3 Visual and other elements 2 Pre-history 2.1 Garage rock and mod 2.2 Protopunk 2.3 Etymology 3 Early history 3.1 North America 3.1.1 New York City 3.1.2 Other U.S. cities 3.2 Australia 3.3 United Kingdom 4 Second wave 4.1 North America 4.2 United Kingdom 4.3 Australia 4.4 Rest of the world 5 Schism and diversification 5.1 New Wave 5.2 Post-punk 5.3 Hardcore 5.4 Oi! 5.5 Anarcho-punk 5.6 Pop punk 5.7 Other fusions and directions 6 Legacy and later developments 6.1 Alternative rock 6.2 Emo 6.3 Queercore and riot grrrl 7 Revival 8 In the mainstream 9 See also 10 References 11 Sources 12 External links

( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punk_rock ) A Bunch of Full Albums from Youtube: ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_to_Russia ) ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresh_Fruit_for_Rotting_Vegetables ) ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troops_of_Tomorrow ) ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucificados_pelo_sistema ) ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentally_Murdered ) ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmony_Corruption ) More Punk Related Info: http://www.last.fm/tag/punk http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punk_subculture Wattie Buchan (The Exploited Vocalist)

( http://www.last.fm/music/The+Exploited )